The smart water-fertilizer integrated machine requires a complete intelligent water-fertilizer system—a comprehensive irrigation and fertilization system designed for both open fields and greenhouses. It works by detecting the nutrient content and pH level of the irrigation solution, then using the PID control system to precisely calculate and release different concentrated fertilizer solutions.

"PE Water Pipes" comply with the national product standard: (GB/T 13663-2000) "Polyethylene (PE) Pipeline Systems for Water Supply" 1. Introduction to PE Water Pipes: PE (polyethylene) material is widely used in the manufacturing of water pipes due to its high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and non-toxic properties. 2. Advantages of PE Water Pipes: (1) They offer outstanding corrosion resistance, superior hygiene performance, and a remarkably long service life. (2) These pipes possess unique flexibility and exceptional scratch resistance. (3) They exhibit outstanding low-temperature performance, making them ideal for colder climates. (4) They also demonstrate excellent resistance to rapid crack growth and fracture toughness. 3. Storage Guidelines for PE Water Pipes: (1) Store the pipes in a shed or well-ventilated warehouse where temperatures do not exceed 40°C. (2) Stack the pipes on flat, stable supports or directly on the ground. (Note: Avoid stacking higher than 1.5 meters.) (3) When storing outdoors, ensure the pipes are covered to protect them from the elements. (4) Separate pipes of different diameters and wall thicknesses during storage. Color Municipal drinking water pipes are typically blue or black, with blue color bands co-extruded onto black pipes. Each pipe should have at least three longitudinal blue bands. Other types of water pipes may come in blue and black. However, pipes exposed to direct sunlight—such as above-ground installations—must be black. Appearance Both the inner and outer surfaces of the pipes must be clean and smooth, free from defects like bubbles, visible scratches, dents, impurities, or uneven coloring. The ends of the pipes should be cut cleanly and remain perpendicular to the pipe axis. Pipe Dimensions & Length Straight pipes are commonly available in lengths of 6m, 9m, and 12m, though custom lengths can be agreed upon by both supplier and buyer. The maximum allowable deviation in length is +0.4% for positive deviations and -0.2% for negative deviations. Coiled pipes must be wound around a spool with a diameter no less than 18 times the pipe’s outer diameter. The exact length of the coiled pipe after uncoiling will be determined through mutual agreement between the supplier and buyer. The static hydraulic strength of the pipes must meet the following criteria: Static Hydraulic Strength for PE100 Pipes: 1. At 20°C: 12.0 MPa—no rupture or leakage. 2. At 80°C: 5.4 MPa—no rupture or leakage. 3. At 80°C: 5.0 MPa—no rupture or leakage. For the 80°C static hydraulic strength test conducted over 165 hours, only brittle failure is considered. If ductile failure occurs within the specified time frame (165 hours), the lower failure stress value along with the corresponding minimum failure time must be retested. Physical Properties The physical properties of the pipes must adhere to specified standards. When recycled materials are incorporated into the compound during extrusion, the difference between the melt flow rate (MFR) measured for the finished pipe (using a 5 kg load at 190°C) and the MFR measured for the original compound should not exceed 25%. Key Physical Property Requirements for PE Pipes: 1. Short-term elongation at break: ≥350% 2. Longitudinal shrinkage at 110°C: ≤3% 3. Oxidation induction time at 220°C: ≥20 minutes Polyethylene offers excellent corrosion resistance, superior hygiene characteristics, and an exceptionally long service life. Polyethylene is inherently inert, resisting corrosion from most chemicals except for a few strong oxidizing agents. It is highly resistant to bacterial growth. In fact, plastic pipes have largely replaced steel and cast iron pipes because they consume less energy for water transportation and household use, are lighter in weight, provide lower flow resistance, allow for quicker and easier installation, boast lower costs, and enjoy extended lifespans. Additionally, plastic pipes excel in thermal insulation compared to their metal counterparts. The service life of polyethylene pipes is estimated to exceed 50 years, a claim that has been validated not only by international and advanced foreign standards but also confirmed through practical applications. Another compelling reason for the widespread adoption of polyethylene pipes is the growing environmental concerns surrounding PVC. First, there are questions regarding the inherent hygiene of PVC itself. While properly manufactured under strict quality control, PVC pipes can indeed meet hygienic standards suitable for potable water applications. However, concerns persist about potential contamination in areas with lax regulatory oversight—such as excessive levels of vinyl chloride monomer in PVC resins or the inadvertent use of toxic additives in formulations intended for drinking water systems. There’s also the risk of mistakenly using non-potable drainage-grade PVC pipes and fittings in potable water lines. Second, recycling PVC presents significant challenges. Like polyethylene, PVC is a thermoplastic material that, in theory, could be recycled. Yet, global experience shows that the proportion of post-consumer PVC products successfully recycled remains limited. Instead, most PVC waste ends up being incinerated to recover energy. Unfortunately, PVC contains chlorine, which can release harmful byproducts if incineration isn’t carefully controlled. In contrast, polyethylene produces only carbon dioxide and water when burned, making it a more environmentally friendly option. Installation Instructions: 1. Before bonding pipes and fittings, wipe both the socket end and the spigot exterior thoroughly with a dry cloth. If oil or grease is present, use acetone to clean the surfaces completely. 2. Ensure pipe ends are cut cleanly, perpendicular to the pipe axis, and chamfered appropriately. Before applying adhesive, mark the insertion depth and perform a trial fit. The trial insertion should extend only about one-third to one-half of the intended depth; never attempt to fully insert the pipe if the gap exceeds the recommended limit. 3. When applying the adhesive, first coat the inside of the socket, then the outside of the spigot. Apply the adhesive evenly along the socket’s interior, moving axially from the center outward. Avoid leaving any areas uncoated or applying excess adhesive (not exceeding 200 g/m²). 4. After applying the adhesive, maintain consistent external pressure for up to one minute to ensure proper alignment and positioning of the joint.5. After bonding is complete, promptly wipe away any excess adhesive that has been squeezed out. During the curing period, avoid applying any force or subjecting the joint to excessive loading. 6. Bonded joints must not be installed in rain or water, and operations should not be conducted at temperatures below 5°C. 7. Connection procedure: Preparation → Clean the working surface → Test fitting → Apply adhesive → Bond → Curing.

1. Excellent hygiene performance: The pipe material is made from polyolefin, a polymer whose molecules consist solely of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) elements. Both the primary and auxiliary materials fully meet hygiene standards, exhibit outstanding corrosion resistance, and remain chemically inert toward all ions present in water, ensuring they won’t rust or corrode. 2. Low hydraulic resistance: The inner surface of straight pipes is exceptionally smooth, preventing scale buildup altogether. As a result, frictional resistance in PP pipes is significantly lower than that of metal pipes. Moreover, when connecting pipe fittings, the cross-sectional area remains unchanged, leading to a lower local resistance coefficient compared to metallic pipelines. 3. Recyclable waste materials: Both pipe and fitting scraps can be collected, cleaned, and recycled directly into new products—such as additional pipes and fittings. This process ensures zero environmental pollution during manufacturing and installation, making PP pipes an eco-friendly building material. 4. Superior thermal insulation and energy efficiency: With a thermal conductivity of just 0.21 W/(m·K), PP pipes are nearly 200 times less conductive than steel pipes. In most cases, this translates to significant energy savings when insulating hot-water pipelines. Additionally, PP pipes experience minimal expansion forces even under temperature fluctuations, making them ideal for concealed installations embedded within walls or floor surfaces. 5. Limitations of PP pipes: a) Compared to metal pipes, PP pipes have inferior rigidity and impact resistance, making them prone to damage during storage, transportation, and installation. b) PP pipes also have a relatively high linear expansion coefficient—ranging from 0.14 mm/(m·K) to 0.16 mm/(m·K)—which necessitates careful consideration in design. They are best suited for concealed installations; if exposed or not installed underground, special measures must be taken to prevent deformation caused by thermal expansion. 6. Outstanding heat resistance and long service life: PP pipes can withstand operating temperatures up to 95°C and maintain stable performance at continuous use temperatures of 70°C under a pressure rating of 1.0 MPa—well-suited for hot-water supply applications. Under these conditions, the expected service life exceeds 50 years, while at ambient temperatures, the lifespan can extend beyond 100 years. 7. Easy installation and reliable connections: PP pipes boast a straightforward production process with minimal equipment investment, and their lightweight nature—weighing only 1/9th that of steel pipes and 1/10th that of copper pipes—greatly reduces labor intensity during construction. Furthermore, thanks to the unique raw materials used in their manufacture, PP pipes offer excellent hot-melt capabilities, enabling quick, secure, and durable connections. Importantly, the strength of the joint typically surpasses that of the pipe itself.

A sprinkler irrigation machine is an irrigation device that winds a traction PE pipe onto a winch. It uses pressurized water from the sprinkler system to drive a water turbine, which in turn rotates the winch via a speed-reducing mechanism. This motion automatically moves the sprinkler carriage while simultaneously spraying water across the field. **Applications** The reel-type sprinkler can efficiently irrigate large areas of farmland and allows users to precisely control the amount of water sprayed through adjustable nozzles, making it an ideal choice for water-saving irrigation in agricultural settings. Additionally, it’s well-suited for applications requiring both irrigation and dust suppression, such as power plants, ports, sports fields, and urban green spaces. **Operating Principle** This reel-type sprinkler features a water-turbine-driven power system. Its design incorporates a large cross-section combined with low-pressure principles, enabling high recovery speeds even at minimal flow rates. The water turbine’s rotational speed is transmitted via a two-speed belt drive connected to the turbine shaft, leading into a gearbox. After reducing the speed, a chain-drive mechanism amplifies the torque, ultimately rotating the winch and facilitating the automatic retraction of the PE pipe. Meanwhile, the high-pressure water exiting the turbine flows directly through the PE pipe to the sprinkler heads, where it is evenly dispersed into fine droplets that gently fall over the crops. As the PE pipe moves, the sprinklers continue to operate continuously without interruption. **Maintenance and Care** After each irrigation session, the reel-type sprinkler should undergo routine maintenance according to the manufacturer’s instructions. At the end of the irrigation season, ensure all accumulated water inside the machine is drained, and rubber walking wheels should be lifted off the ground. For newly installed or majorly repaired units, a test run is recommended before full-scale operation. Before starting the sprinkler, carefully inspect all components: verify that sprinkler heads are securely attached, flow channels are clear and unobstructed, heads rotate smoothly, directional switching functions reliably, spring tension is appropriate, and all parts are present and intact. Check that pipes are fully functional, control valves and safety devices operate freely and flexibly, sealing rubbers remain soft and elastic, measuring instruments display clear readings with responsive needles, connectors are tight, cables show no damage, and sensor components move freely. When initiating the sprinkling process, gradually open the water valve, start the sprinklers one by one, and slowly adjust the pressure until it reaches the nozzle’s rated level—never activate all sprinklers simultaneously. To stop spraying, close the water valves gradually, avoiding simultaneous shutdown of all sprinklers. Ensure electrical connections are secure, safe, and properly grounded; confirm that fuses match specifications, gauges display accurate readings, and wires/cables are undamaged. Moving parts should operate smoothly, while handles and buttons function reliably and intuitively. Lubrication points must be regularly serviced with appropriate oils. Sprinklers should be correctly and firmly installed, water delivery lines must remain unobstructed, braking and protective mechanisms must be reliable, tire pressure must meet standards, and during initial water tests, pipe joints must maintain secure seals without leaks. Finally, clear any obstacles in the field that could interfere with operations. When supplying or stopping water, always open or close valves and taps slowly. During operation, ensure the following conditions are met: 1. Pressure at both the beginning and end of the pipeline remains within the designed range. 2. Moving parts operate smoothly without unusual noises. 3. Seals remain leak-free. 4. Sprinklers perform optimally. If any malfunction occurs, address it promptly—never attempt to force the equipment into operation. After applying fertilizers, thoroughly flush the system to remove residues. Once irrigation is complete, drain any remaining water from the pipes. For electric-powered models, disconnect the power supply entirely. If the sprinkler will remain idle for an extended period, clean and flush the entire system, removing sediment, debris, and accumulated water from pumps and pipes. Clear away dirt and weeds from moving parts, and apply rust-prevention treatments to vulnerable components. **Application in Field Crops** In China, agricultural irrigation accounts for 70%–80% of total water consumption, with field crops (such as wheat, corn, and sweet potatoes) consuming 50%–60% of this irrigation water. Therefore, prioritizing water conservation efforts on field crops is crucial. Currently, traditional methods like furrow and surface irrigation dominate, with furrow irrigation still holding significant market share. While piped irrigation represents a notable step forward in water efficiency compared to surface irrigation, it only enhances the overall efficiency of the distribution system—leaving field-level water-use efficiency largely unchanged. Fixed sprinkler systems, though highly effective in conserving water, face challenges due to their incompatibility with conventional farming practices, limiting their widespread adoption. Similarly, semi-fixed and mobile sprinkler systems struggle to gain broader acceptance because of their cumbersome operation and management requirements. To explore optimal water-saving irrigation strategies for large-scale crops, Feicheng City has invested over 1.5 million yuan since 1996, introducing more than ten advanced reel-type sprinkler machines capable of international standards. These machines have been deployed across 333 hectares of field crops, yielding remarkable results. **Planning and Design of Reel-Type Sprinkler Irrigation Areas** 1. **Power Supply:** Select an appropriate pump model based on the sprinkler’s required flow rate and inlet pressure. 2. **Land Planning:** Scientific land planning is essential for effectively utilizing this cutting-edge equipment. To maximize efficiency, the project area underwent comprehensive reorganization, including adjustments to crop layouts and planting patterns. By aligning crop orientations with the sprinkler’s spray radius and reserving dedicated pathways between fields, equitable land distribution among farmers was achieved, laying a solid foundation for seamless equipment operation. 3. **Field Infrastructure Integration:** - **Water Channel System:** Install reservoirs at key intersections of operational and production paths. The capacity of these reservoirs is typically designed to accommodate the sprinkler’s water output, usually around 20 cubic meters.To prevent the reservoir from overflowing, a long-vine gourd-like system was created by connecting multiple reservoirs in series via pipes, with pipe inlets and outlets positioned just 5 centimeters above the pool bottom. ② Integrated pump-and-motor setup: To accommodate the continuous movement of the sprinkler system, an all-in-one diesel-powered pump-and-motor unit—specifically a tractor-driven pressurized pump—was adopted in practice. ③ PE pipe traction method: To minimize bending resistance in the PE pipes and ensure smooth, uniform retraction while preventing kinks or misalignment, a powered, fixed traction approach was implemented. This involves positioning a tractor equipped with a compact winch at the end of the operational pathway, directly opposite the sprinkler unit. The operator then pulls out a steel cable connected to the reel, attaching it to the PE pipe as it’s pulled toward the designated location. Once in place, the sprinkler cart is hitched up, and operations can begin. This traction method offers significant advantages: it eliminates the risk of tractors damaging crops or soil, keeps the PE pipes perfectly straight with minimal bending, and simplifies the overall operation process. **Application Results** Since the introduction of the reel-type sprinkler system, it has played a crucial role in ensuring bountiful agricultural harvests even during severe drought years, delivering remarkable economic benefits: ① Water-saving efficiency: Compared to traditional canal irrigation, it saves 47% of water; when compared to piped irrigation systems, it still achieves a 9% water-saving advantage. ② Yield enhancement: Crop production increases by 25% relative to canal irrigation and by 6% compared to piped systems. **Management Approach** Internationally, it is widely acknowledged that 50% of the potential for water-efficient irrigation lies in effective management practices. To ensure optimal performance and maximize the benefits of the sprinkler system, a dedicated Water-Saving Irrigation Company was established. This company enjoys independent legal status, fully responsible for civil and legal liabilities, and operates under a corporate-style management model focused on profitability. Guided by the principle of providing high-quality services to farmers at modest profit margins, the company prioritizes public welfare. Each irrigation service is delivered only after signing a formal agreement with the beneficiary households, strictly adhering to the terms outlined in the contract. Charges are limited to covering energy consumption, labor costs, and equipment depreciation—no additional fees are ever imposed. To maintain operational excellence, the company has implemented rigorous internal management protocols, fostering continuous financial growth and sustainable development. The reel-type sprinkler system delivers multiple benefits, including water conservation, energy efficiency, yield increases, land savings, and labor reductions. Moreover, crops irrigated using this system no longer require raised field borders, boosting land utilization rates by up to 10%. It is particularly well-suited for large-scale field crops such as wheat, corn, soybeans, and vegetables, making it an ideal irrigation solution for promoting intensive agricultural production and management. As a result, this system is highly recommended for widespread adoption across diverse farming regions.